{"id":23849,"date":"2026-08-06T14:32:33","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T06:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/?p=23849"},"modified":"2026-10-09T02:24:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T18:24:43","slug":"die-casting-mold-material-selection-and-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/blog\/die-casting-mold-material-selection-and-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"Materi\u00e1l forem pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed: V\u00fdb\u011br a vlastnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Materi\u00e1l formy je jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch proces tlakov\u00e9ho lit\u00ed. Tyto materi\u00e1ly mus\u00ed odolat p\u016fsoben\u00ed roztaven\u00e9ho kovu, vysok\u00e9mu vst\u0159ikovac\u00edmu tlaku a tis\u00edc\u016fm cykl\u016f zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by popraskaly nebo ztratily sv\u016fj tvar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na slad\u011bn\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu s odl\u00e9vanou slitinou, objemu v\u00fdroby a zp\u016fsobu chlazen\u00ed i \u00fadr\u017eby formy b\u011bhem jej\u00ed \u017eivotnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka popisuje, jak\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m mus\u00ed n\u00e1stroj (forma) odol\u00e1vat, jak si vedou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 druhy oceli v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi slitinami a jak rozhodnut\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se konstrukce a \u00fadr\u017eby chr\u00e1n\u00ed formu b\u011bhem samotn\u00e9 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n<h2>Podm\u00ednky p\u0159i tlakov\u00e9m lit\u00ed, kter\u00fdm mus\u00ed n\u00e1stroj odol\u00e1vat<\/h2>\n<p>Forma pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed pracuje v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, s nimi\u017e se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 jen m\u00e1lo jin\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd cyklus p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed kontakt s roztaven\u00fdm kovem, <a href=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/blog\/high-pressure-die-casting\/\">vysok\u00fd tlak<\/a>, rychl\u00e9 ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed a mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch ocelov\u00fdch povrch\u016f, a to tis\u00edckr\u00e1t za sebou.<\/p>\n<h3>Teplo, tlak a tepeln\u00e9 cyklov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Vysok\u00fd vst\u0159ikovac\u00ed tlak<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Roztaven\u00fd kov je pod tlakem \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b tis\u00edc\u016f psi vtla\u010dov\u00e1n do dutiny formy, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed neust\u00e1l\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Tepeln\u00e9 cyklov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Forma je vystavena rychl\u00fdm a opakovan\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m teploty \u2013 od extr\u00e9mn\u00edho \u017e\u00e1ru roztaven\u00e9ho kovu po aktivn\u00ed chlazen\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edmi kan\u00e1lky.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Tepeln\u00e9 poprask\u00e1n\u00ed (tepeln\u00e1 \u00fanava)<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Toto neust\u00e1l\u00e9 kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed teploty postupn\u011b zp\u016fsobuje vznik jemn\u00fdch povrchov\u00fdch trhlin. \u010casem se tyto trhliny p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed na hotov\u00fd odlitek v podob\u011b vystoupl\u00fdch linek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Odolnost v\u016f\u010di tomuto tepeln\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed slitiny a p\u0159esn\u00e9m tepeln\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli pouze na druhu pou\u017eit\u00e9 oceli.<\/p>\n<h3>Odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, erozi a korozi<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Eroze zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 vysokou rychlost\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Roztaven\u00fd kov proud\u00edc\u00ed vtoky a rozv\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edmi kan\u00e1ly rychle zp\u016fsob\u00ed opot\u0159eben\u00ed a zaoblen\u00ed ostr\u00fdch hran, pokud je ocel m\u011bkk\u00e1 nebo nedostate\u010dn\u011b kalen\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Chemick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed (p\u0159ipe\u010den\u00ed \/ \u201ep\u00e1jen\u00ed\u201c)<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Roztaven\u00e9 kovy mohou \u010dasem vytv\u00e1\u0159et chemick\u00e9 vazby s povrchem formy nebo jej naru\u0161ovat.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Koroze specifick\u00e1 pro danou slitinu<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Hlin\u00edk je v\u016f\u010di n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli chemicky mnohem agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zinek, proto je odolnost proti korozi u forem pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed hlin\u00edku kl\u00ed\u010dovou prioritou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vysok\u00e1 odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e1 pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bsn\u00fdch toleranc\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u00fdch detail\u016f dutiny formy i po mnoha cyklech lit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Vliv materi\u00e1lu n\u00e1stroje na kvalitu odlitku a povrchovou \u00fapravu<\/h3>\n<p>Materi\u00e1l formy p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu. Rychlost, jakou ocel odv\u00e1d\u00ed teplo z tekut\u00e9ho kovu, m\u00e1 vliv na <a href=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/die-casting-surface-treatment\/\">povrchovou \u00fapravu<\/a> a smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edlu. Tvrdost a hou\u017eevnatost materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee si forma udr\u017e\u00ed sv\u016fj p\u0159esn\u00fd tvar i po tis\u00edc\u00edch cykl\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud forma zm\u011bkne nebo se na jej\u00edm povrchu objev\u00ed trhliny, za\u010dne produkovat d\u00edly s nekvalitn\u00edm povrchem a v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem vad, a to dlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e n\u00e1stroj skute\u010dn\u011b sel\u017ee. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno: s opot\u0159eben\u00edm formy kles\u00e1 i kvalita odlitk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>Druhy ocel\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly pro formy na tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli pro dutiny forem na tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed se obvykle omezuje na n\u011bkolik osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch druh\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 p\u0159ednosti. A\u010dkoli maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, v tomto odv\u011btv\u00ed dominuj\u00ed n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli pro pr\u00e1ci za tepla.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2367\" src=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-block-of-tool-steel-used-for-die-casting-mold-manufacturing.jpg\" alt=\"blok n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli pro v\u00fdrobu forem pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-block-of-tool-steel-used-for-die-casting-mold-manufacturing.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-block-of-tool-steel-used-for-die-casting-mold-manufacturing-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-block-of-tool-steel-used-for-die-casting-mold-manufacturing-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-block-of-tool-steel-used-for-die-casting-mold-manufacturing-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-block-of-tool-steel-used-for-die-casting-mold-manufacturing-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-block-of-tool-steel-used-for-die-casting-mold-manufacturing-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Ocel H13 a ekvivalentn\u00ed n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli pro pr\u00e1ci za tepla<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>H13 (DIN 1.2344)<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Tato n\u00e1strojov\u00e1 ocel p\u0159edstavuje nezpochybniteln\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd standard pro dutiny a j\u00e1dra forem na tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed. Nab\u00edz\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu mezi odolnost\u00ed proti tepeln\u00e9 \u00fanav\u011b, hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed a obrobitelnost\u00ed p\u0159i provozn\u00edch tvrdostech.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>N\u00e1strojov\u00e1 ocel 8407<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Pr\u00e9miov\u00e1, vysoce \u010dist\u00e1 varianta oceli H13. D\u00edky p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrole chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010distot\u011b materi\u00e1lu je \u0161pi\u010dkovou volbou pro formy na hlin\u00edk ur\u010den\u00e9 k velkos\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b, kde p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m tvorba tepeln\u00fdch trhlin.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>SKD61<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Japonsk\u00fd ekvivalent oceli H13, b\u011b\u017en\u011b specifikovan\u00fd asijsk\u00fdmi dodavatelsk\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzci a v\u00fdrobci.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">P20, NAK80 a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edtvrzen\u00e9 oceli<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">P20<\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">NAK80<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0jsou p\u0159edtvrzen\u00e9 oceli ur\u010den\u00e9 pro\u00a0<em>plastov\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0vst\u0159ikovac\u00ed formy, nikoli pro odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli se ocel P20 ob\u010das pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro malos\u00e9riov\u00e9 prototypy forem na tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed (za \u00fa\u010delem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f a zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed doby v\u00fdroby), nedok\u00e1\u017ee odolat dlouhodob\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 \u00fanav\u011b. Ocel NAK80 nab\u00edz\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed le\u0161titelnost pro dosa\u017een\u00ed kvalitn\u00edho povrchu, av\u0161ak stejn\u011b jako P20 nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou n\u00e1hradou za ocel H13. Ani jedna z t\u011bchto jakost\u00ed nevydr\u017e\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 cyklov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch \u010di zinkov\u00fdch odlitk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Slitiny hlin\u00edku a m\u011bdi pro kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 s\u00e9rie a lok\u00e1ln\u00ed chlazen\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 formy:<\/span>\u00a0Hlin\u00edk lze obr\u00e1b\u011bt mnohem rychleji ne\u017e kalenou n\u00e1strojovou ocel, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkracuje dobu v\u00fdroby a sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady u prototypov\u00fdch forem nebo velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch s\u00e9ri\u00ed. Vzhledem k rychl\u00e9mu opot\u0159eben\u00ed je v\u0161ak zcela nevhodn\u00fd pro velkos\u00e9riovou v\u00fdrobu.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Berylliov\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Materi\u00e1l zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou v\u00fdjime\u010dnou tepelnou vodivost\u00ed. Z\u0159\u00eddka se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro celou formu, ale \u010dasto se z n\u011bj obr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed vlo\u017eky a j\u00e1drov\u00e9 \u010depy, kter\u00e9 rychle odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed teplo z masivn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nebo hlubok\u00fdch jader n\u00e1chyln\u00fdch ke vzniku p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdch m\u00edst.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti formy<\/h2>\n<p>Forma pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00fd celek. Proto\u017ee jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1stroje vystaveny zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9mu mechanick\u00e9mu a tepeln\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, vol\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i pro jednotliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti r\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, aby dos\u00e1hli rovnov\u00e1hy mezi u\u017eitn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2369\" src=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-machined-from-tool-steel.jpg\" alt=\"j\u00e1drov\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st formy pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed se obr\u00e1b\u00ed z n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-machined-from-tool-steel.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-machined-from-tool-steel-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-machined-from-tool-steel-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-machined-from-tool-steel-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-machined-from-tool-steel-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-machined-from-tool-steel-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Dutinov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st formy a j\u00e1drov\u00e9 \u010depy<\/h3>\n<p>Dutinov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st formy a <a href=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/blog\/core-pin-in-die-casting-mold-design-materials-and-performance\/\">j\u00e1drov\u00e9 \u010depy<\/a> p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho styku se slitinou. Tyto sou\u010d\u00e1sti mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a zna\u010dn\u00e9mu tlaku roztaven\u00e9ho kovu.<\/p>\n<p>Proto se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00edm z prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli pro pr\u00e1ci za tepla, aby odol\u00e1valy tepeln\u00e9 \u00fanav\u011b a erozi.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladna formy a konstruk\u010dn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladna formy dr\u017e\u00ed bloky s dutinami na m\u00edst\u011b a pohlcuje obrovskou uzav\u00edrac\u00ed s\u00edlu stroje. Jeliko\u017e tyto konstruk\u010dn\u00ed ocelov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti formy nep\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho styku s tekut\u00fdm kovem, nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed drah\u00fdch ocel\u00ed pro pr\u00e1ci za tepla.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed velk\u00e1 zak\u00e1zkov\u00e1 forma, nebo standardizovan\u00fd r\u00e1m pro v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9 vlo\u017eky, v\u00fdrobci obvykle vol\u00ed p\u0159edtvrzen\u00e9 oceli (nap\u0159. P20) nebo oceli se st\u0159edn\u00edm obsahem uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebnou hou\u017eevnatost p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladech.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyhazova\u010de a o\u0159ez\u00e1vac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje<\/h3>\n<p>Vyhazova\u010de fyzicky vytla\u010duj\u00ed ztuhl\u00fd kovov\u00fd d\u00edl z formy. Mus\u00ed vykazovat extr\u00e9mn\u00ed odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo zad\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed; obvykle se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed z nitridovan\u00e9 oceli SKD61.<\/p>\n<p>Po vyhozen\u00ed d\u00edlu se na mechanick\u00e9m lisu pou\u017eije samostatn\u00fd o\u0159ez\u00e1vac\u00ed n\u00e1stroj k odst\u0159i\u017een\u00ed vtok\u016f, p\u0159eliv\u016f a p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Proto\u017ee jsou tyto n\u00e1stroje p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b vystaveny siln\u00e9mu mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159ihem, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se pro n\u011b vysoce tvrd\u00e9 oceli pro pr\u00e1ci za studena (nap\u0159. D2 nebo SKD11).<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu formy vy\u017eaduje zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed tepeln\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho slitinou, o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho objemu v\u00fdroby a rozpo\u010dtu projektu. Zde je n\u00e1vod, jak se v tomto rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed orientovat.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Volba formy podle odl\u00e9van\u00e9 slitiny (hlin\u00edk vs. zinek)<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Hlin\u00edk a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Hlin\u00edk m\u00e1 vysokou teplotu t\u00e1n\u00ed a chemicky naru\u0161uje ocel. To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a riziko koroze, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov\u00fdch ocel\u00ed pro pr\u00e1ci za tepla (nap\u0159. H13 nebo 8407) v kombinaci s pe\u010dliv\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm naprostou nutnost\u00ed. Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk klade na tepelnou odolnost o n\u011bco ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky, av\u0161ak rovn\u011b\u017e vy\u017eaduje vysoce kvalitn\u00ed ocel.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Zinek (nap\u0159. Zamak 3)<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Zinek taje p\u0159i mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplot\u011b. Tento \u201echladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c proces je k n\u00e1stroj\u016fm v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje mnohem del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost formy i p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed standardn\u00edch jakost\u00ed oceli.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed objemu v\u00fdroby a geometrie d\u00edlu<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Velkoobjemov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0S\u00e9riov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba ospravedl\u0148uje po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed investici do \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 oceli (nap\u0159. 8407) a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo\u0165 n\u00e1klady na n\u00e1stroj se rozpo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed do ceny stovek tis\u00edc vyroben\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Slo\u017eit\u00e9 geometrie<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0D\u00edly s tenk\u00fdmi st\u011bnami nebo hlubok\u00fdmi a \u00fazk\u00fdmi j\u00e1dry vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. To \u010dasto vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eit\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch vlo\u017eek ze slitiny m\u011bdi a berylia, kter\u00e9 zabr\u00e1n\u00ed vzniku p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdch m\u00edst (tzv. hot spots), a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee zbytek formy je vyroben ze standardn\u00ed oceli H13.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Volba mezi prototypov\u00fdm a s\u00e9riov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>Prototypov\u00e9 formy<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0Pokud pot\u0159ebujete rychle a levn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it n\u00e1vrh d\u00edlu, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed volbou jsou prototypov\u00e9 formy obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 z hlin\u00edku nebo p\u0159edtvrzen\u00e9 m\u011bkk\u00e9 oceli. Jsou levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jejich v\u00fdroba je rychlej\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak jsou vhodn\u00e9 pouze pro kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed s\u00e9rie.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\"><strong>S\u00e9riov\u00e1 forma<\/strong>s:<\/span>\u00a0Jakmile je n\u00e1vrh d\u00edlu definitivn\u011b schv\u00e1len, jedinou cestou k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 rozm\u011brov\u00e9 stability a po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kvality povrchu je investice do kalen\u00e9 n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli pro pr\u00e1ci za tepla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Rozhodnut\u00ed o konstrukci a \u00faprav\u00e1ch pro ochranu formy<\/h2>\n<p>Druh oceli ur\u010duje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enou \u017eivotnost n\u00e1stroje, av\u0161ak o tom, zda t\u00e9to hranice forma skute\u010dn\u011b dos\u00e1hne, rozhoduje uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed chlazen\u00ed, tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00faprava povrchu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2368\" src=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-inspected-for-tolerance-in-a-die-spotting-press.jpg\" alt=\"forma pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed se kontroluje z hlediska toleranc\u00ed na lisu pro kontrolu forem\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-inspected-for-tolerance-in-a-die-spotting-press.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-inspected-for-tolerance-in-a-die-spotting-press-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-inspected-for-tolerance-in-a-die-spotting-press-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-inspected-for-tolerance-in-a-die-spotting-press-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-inspected-for-tolerance-in-a-die-spotting-press-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/a-die-casting-mold-being-inspected-for-tolerance-in-a-die-spotting-press-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed chlazen\u00ed, tepeln\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha a strategie pou\u017eit\u00ed vlo\u017eek<\/h3>\n<p>Chladic\u00ed kan\u00e1ly um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko od povrchu dutiny sni\u017euj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost chlazen\u00ed a vedou k nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu hromad\u011bn\u00ed tepla, co\u017e v kriticky zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fdch m\u00edstech (tzv. hork\u00fdch bodech) urychluje tepelnou \u00fanavu materi\u00e1lu. Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed udr\u017euje teplotu cel\u00e9 dutiny formy mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi cykly vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed na vyrovnan\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<h3>Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrola tvrdosti<\/h3>\n<p>Kalen\u00ed a popou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tvrdost a hou\u017eevnatost n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 oceli p\u0159ed fin\u00e1ln\u00edm obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00edm. Nitridace vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed po obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed tvrzenou povrchovou vrstvu, kter\u00e1 zvy\u0161uje odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a tvorb\u011b tepeln\u00fdch trhlin, ani\u017e by zp\u016fsobila k\u0159ehkost cel\u00e9ho d\u00edlu.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00daprava povrchu pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed opot\u0159eben\u00ed a snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Povlaky PVD mohou p\u0159i tlakov\u00e9m lit\u00ed hlin\u00edku omezit ulp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed taveniny na form\u011b a usnadnit vyj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdlisk\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se prodlu\u017euj\u00ed intervaly mezi \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm formy. Le\u0161titelnost z\u00e1kladn\u00ed oceli ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu povrchu dutiny, co\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na u pohledov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Zhodno\u0165te svou investici do n\u00e1stroj\u016f na maximum se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Moldie<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9 prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed oceli je pro v\u00e1\u0161 projekt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvn\u00edm krokem, av\u0161ak i ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly mohou p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b selhat, pokud chyb\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tepeln\u00e9ho managementu a p\u0159esn\u00e9 obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ve spole\u010dnosti Moldie propojujeme materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bdy s v\u00fdrobou. N\u00e1\u0161 technick\u00fd t\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pokro\u010dil\u00e9\u00a0<a class=\"wrap-anywhere font-medium text-primary underline\" href=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/die-casting-mold-design\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-incomplete=\"false\" data-streamdown=\"link\">metody n\u00e1vrhu forem pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 v\u010detn\u011b optimalizovan\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed chladic\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f a anal\u00fdzy toku taveniny ve form\u011b \u2013 aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo vzniku tepeln\u00fdch trhlin a maximalizovala se \u017eivotnost zvolen\u00e9 oceli. Od \u00favodn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy vyrobitelnosti (DFM) a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed forem\u00a0<a class=\"wrap-anywhere font-medium text-primary underline\" href=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/die-casting-dies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-incomplete=\"false\" data-streamdown=\"link\">pro velkos\u00e9riov\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed<\/a>zaji\u0161\u0165ujeme, aby va\u0161e n\u00e1stroje trvale dosahovaly po\u017eadovan\u00fdch \u00fazk\u00fdch toleranc\u00ed p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m jednotliv\u00e9m vst\u0159iku.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Jste p\u0159ipraveni zah\u00e1jit dal\u0161\u00ed projekt?<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/contact-us\/\">Kontaktujte n\u00e1\u0161 technick\u00fd t\u00fdm<\/a><\/span> je\u0161t\u011b dnes a z\u00edskejte bezplatn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu i odbornou konzultaci k v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Materi\u00e1l formy je jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch proces tlakov\u00e9ho lit\u00ed. Tyto materi\u00e1ly mus\u00ed odolat p\u016fsoben\u00ed roztaven\u00e9ho kovu, vysok\u00e9mu vst\u0159ikovac\u00edmu tlaku a tis\u00edc\u016fm cykl\u016f zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by popraskaly nebo ztratily sv\u016fj tvar. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na slad\u011bn\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu s odl\u00e9vanou slitinou, objemu v\u00fdroby a zp\u016fsobu chlazen\u00ed i \u00fadr\u017eby formy b\u011bhem jej\u00ed \u017eivotnosti. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24307,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"Materi\u00e1l forem pro tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed: V\u00fdb\u011br a vlastnosti","_seopress_titles_desc":"Objevte odborn\u00e9 tipy pro v\u00fdb\u011br odoln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f forem, kter\u00e9 zajist\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon, tepelnou odolnost a dlouhodobou kvalitu v\u00fdroby.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23849"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26458,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23849\/revisions\/26458"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24307"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}