{"id":23503,"date":"2025-05-31T13:52:53","date_gmt":"2025-05-31T05:52:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/?p=23503"},"modified":"2026-10-09T02:21:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T18:21:45","slug":"types-of-casting-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/blog\/types-of-casting-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Typy proces\u016f odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed: Stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch metod"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>P\u0159ehled proces\u016f tlakov\u00e9ho lit\u00ed<\/h2>\n<h3>Co je to odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se tekut\u00fd materi\u00e1l \u2013 obvykle kov \u2013 nal\u00e9v\u00e1 do formy, je\u017e m\u00e1 tvar po\u017eadovan\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti. Materi\u00e1l n\u00e1sledn\u011b chladne, tuhne a p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 tvar formy.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje mnoho druh\u016f odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku, tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed \u010di p\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed (metoda vytaviteln\u00e9ho modelu). Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00fd zp\u016fsob tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed a tuhnut\u00ed materi\u00e1lu. Tyto metody lze uplatnit u kov\u016f, jako je hlin\u00edk, \u017eelezo \u010di ocel, a dokonce i u n\u011bkter\u00fdch plast\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje vyr\u00e1b\u011bt mal\u00e9 i velk\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti s tvary, kter\u00fdch by bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout jin\u00fdmi metodami.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Odl\u00e9van\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti najdeme v automobilech, budov\u00e1ch, stroj\u00edch i n\u00e1stroj\u00edch. Sou\u010d\u00e1sti vyroben\u00e9 odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad automobilov\u00e9 motory, potrub\u00ed, sochy \u010di t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 technika.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdrobci vol\u00ed odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pevn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti schopn\u00e9 odolat n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Nap\u0159\u00edklad bloky motor\u016f a sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b \u010derpadel se \u010dasto odl\u00e9vaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt robustn\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00edt slo\u017eit\u00e9 tvary.<\/p>\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje tak\u00e9 tvorbu um\u011bleck\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, jako jsou kovov\u00e9 sochy \u010di dekorace do dom\u00e1cnosti na zak\u00e1zku. Tento proces podporuje velkos\u00e9riovou v\u00fdrobu, a proto je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro zhotoven\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f najednou.<\/p>\n<h3>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed je cen\u011bno pro svou schopnost vytvo\u0159it slo\u017eit\u00e9 a velk\u00e9 tvary v jedin\u00e9m kroku. Umo\u017e\u0148uje zpracov\u00e1vat materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 by bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 tvarovat jin\u00fdmi metodami. D\u00edky tomu z\u00edsk\u00e1te d\u00edly, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed va\u0161emu n\u00e1vrhu.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00daspora n\u00e1klad\u016f<\/strong> p\u0159i velk\u00fdch objemech v\u00fdroby<\/li>\n<li><strong>Omezen\u00ed nutnosti dal\u0161\u00edho obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> proto\u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00fd tvar z\u00edsk\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edmo z formy<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flexibilita v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1lu<\/strong>, jeliko\u017e lze odl\u00e9vat mnoho druh\u016f kov\u016f i plast\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lze tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt tenkost\u011bnn\u00e9, detailn\u00ed a dut\u00e9 d\u00edly, jejich\u017e v\u00fdroba by byla pomoc\u00ed jin\u00fdch metod n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 nebo nemo\u017en\u00e1. Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, pokud pot\u0159ebujete efektivn\u011b vyrobit kovov\u00fd d\u00edl na zak\u00e1zku nebo d\u00edl s jemn\u00fdmi detaily.<\/p>\n<h2>Metody odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159i odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku se k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed forem pro kovov\u00e9 d\u00edly pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy p\u00edsku a pojiv. Volba konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed metody odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu povrchu, pevnost a n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<h3>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do vlhk\u00e9 p\u00edskov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi (tzv. \u201ezelen\u00fd p\u00edsek\u201c)<\/h3>\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do vlhk\u00e9 p\u00edskov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi (\u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako \u201ezelen\u00fd p\u00edsek\u201c neboli *green sand*) je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sm\u011bs k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho p\u00edsku, j\u00edlu (\u010dasto bentonitu), vody a n\u011bkdy i dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsad. Ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201ezelen\u00fd\u201c (green) zde znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u00edsek nen\u00ed vysu\u0161en\u00fd, n\u00fdbr\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vlhk\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Tato metoda je obl\u00edben\u00e1 d\u00edky sv\u00e9 flexibilit\u011b, rychlosti a cenov\u00e9 dostupnosti. Lze ji vyu\u017e\u00edt pro mal\u00e9 i velk\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 d\u00edly. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina d\u00edl\u016f ze \u017eeleza, oceli a hlin\u00edku.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00fdhody:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/li>\n<li>Opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fd p\u00edsek<\/li>\n<li>Snadn\u00e9 tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvalita povrchu<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 tolerance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Formy z vlhk\u00e9 p\u00edskov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi (tzv. zelen\u00e9ho p\u00edsku) nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pevn\u00e9, proto se hod\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e pro jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00edly.<\/p>\n<h3>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do sm\u011bsi p\u00edsku a prysky\u0159ice<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i tomto zp\u016fsobu odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u00edsek sm\u00edchan\u00fd s chemick\u00fdmi pojivy, jako je prysky\u0159ice. Tato pojiva zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee zrna p\u00edsku l\u00e9pe dr\u017e\u00ed u sebe a tvrdnou v\u00edce ne\u017e u vlhk\u00e9 p\u00edskov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi. Forma se vytvrd\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikne pevn\u00fd a tuh\u00fd celek.<\/p>\n<p>Tento proces umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout lep\u0161\u00ed kvality povrchu a p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tvar\u016f. \u010casto se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u slo\u017eit\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f nebo tam, kde jsou kladeny vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na kvalitu. Formy z p\u00edsku a prysky\u0159ice zvl\u00e1dnou i detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tvary ne\u017e formy z vlhk\u00e9 p\u00edskov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00fdhody:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dobr\u00e1 rozm\u011brov\u00e1 p\u0159esnost<\/li>\n<li>Lep\u0161\u00ed kvalita povrchu<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enost v\u00fdroby slo\u017eit\u00fdch tvar\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady oproti vlhk\u00e9 p\u00edskov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi<\/li>\n<li>P\u00edsek z formy obvykle nelze znovu pou\u017e\u00edt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do sm\u011bsi p\u00edsku a prysky\u0159ice zva\u017ete v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou kvalita a detail d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<h3>Lit\u00ed do forem ze such\u00e9ho p\u00edsku<\/h3>\n<p>Lit\u00ed do forem ze such\u00e9ho p\u00edsku je podobn\u00e9 lit\u00ed do forem z vlhk\u00e9ho p\u00edsku (tzv. zelen\u00e9ho p\u00edsku), av\u0161ak p\u00edskov\u00e1 forma se p\u0159ed lit\u00edm kovu su\u0161\u00ed v peci. Vysu\u0161en\u00ed formy zvy\u0161uje jej\u00ed pevnost a zabra\u0148uje vzniku vad, jako jsou plynov\u00e9 bubliny. D\u00edky tomu je tento zp\u016fsob vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010di t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed odlitky.<\/p>\n<p>Proces trv\u00e1 d\u00e9le kv\u016fli f\u00e1zi su\u0161en\u00ed, ale forma je pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di prask\u00e1n\u00ed. Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do such\u00fdch p\u00edskov\u00fdch forem se obvykle vol\u00ed pro velmi velk\u00e9 d\u00edly, jako jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch stroj\u016f nebo rozm\u011brn\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 komponenty.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00fdhody:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formy<\/li>\n<li>Vhodn\u00e9 pro velk\u00e9 odlitky<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e9n\u011b vad odlitk\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Del\u0161\u00ed doba v\u00fdroby<\/li>\n<li>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady ne\u017e u vlhk\u00fdch p\u00edskov\u00fdch forem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato metoda je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, pokud pot\u0159ebujete pevn\u00e9 a stabiln\u00ed formy pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 projekty.<\/p>\n<h2>Procesy odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do trval\u00fdch forem<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159i odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do trval\u00fdch forem se m\u00edsto jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch p\u00edskov\u00fdch forem pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odoln\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 formy. Tyto procesy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdrobu velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f se stejn\u00fdm tvarem, hladk\u00fdm povrchem a vysokou pevnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Gravita\u010dn\u00ed lit\u00ed do kovov\u00fdch forem<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i gravita\u010dn\u00edm lit\u00ed se roztaven\u00fd kov nal\u00e9v\u00e1 do kovov\u00e9 formy ru\u010dn\u011b nebo pomoc\u00ed lic\u00ed p\u00e1nve. Gravitace zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee kov vypln\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fd prostor uvnit\u0159 formy. Tento proces nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodate\u010dn\u00fd tlak ani vakuum.<\/p>\n<p>Tuto metodu lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro v\u00fdrobu st\u0159edn\u00edch a\u017e velk\u00fdch s\u00e9ri\u00ed kovov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. Gravita\u010dn\u00ed lit\u00ed do kovov\u00fdch forem je velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b produkt\u016f z hlin\u00edku, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku nebo slitin m\u011bdi. V\u00fdsledkem jsou pevn\u00e9 d\u00edly s kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povrchovou \u00fapravou, ne\u017e jakou poskytuje odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edskov\u00fdch forem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dobr\u00e1 rozm\u011brov\u00e1 p\u0159esnost<\/li>\n<li>Opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 formy<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e9n\u011b odpadu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lit\u00edm do p\u00edsku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Automobilov\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/li>\n<li>Strojn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti<\/li>\n<li>Potrubn\u00ed tvarovky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>N\u00edzkotlak\u00e9 lit\u00ed do forem<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i n\u00edzkotlak\u00e9m lit\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed komora pod formou, kter\u00e1 je napln\u011bna roztaven\u00fdm kovem. Roztaven\u00fd kov je do formy vtla\u010dov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku vzduchu, obvykle ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e 1 bar.<\/p>\n<p>Tento dodate\u010dn\u00fd tlak pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe vyplnit tenk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti formy, ne\u017e jak to dok\u00e1\u017ee gravita\u010dn\u00ed lit\u00ed. Proces je sice pomalej\u0161\u00ed, ale v\u00fdsledkem jsou pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edly. Tato metoda se obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b dob\u0159e hod\u00ed pro slitiny hlin\u00edku a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159esn\u00e1 kontrola pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u00f3rovitost<\/li>\n<li>Vhodn\u00e9 pro tenkost\u011bnn\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato metoda se v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b kol, d\u00edl\u016f motor\u016f a sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Vakuov\u00e9 lit\u00ed do forem<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i vakuov\u00e9m lit\u00ed ods\u00e1v\u00e1 vakuov\u00e1 pumpa vzduch z dutiny formy. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vt\u00e1hnout roztaven\u00fd kov do v\u0161ech kout\u016f formy.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkem jsou d\u00edly s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm uzav\u0159en\u00e9ho plynu \u010di p\u00f3rovitosti, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou pevn\u00e9 a vzduchot\u011bsn\u00e9. Tento proces je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, pokud je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost u tenk\u00fdch nebo detailn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f. Je to \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1 volba v odv\u011btv\u00edch, jako je leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a elektronika.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Velmi hladk\u00e9 povrchy<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 hustota, n\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra vad<\/li>\n<li>Skv\u011bl\u00e9 pro lehk\u00e9 slitiny a mal\u00e9 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vakuov\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro kryty elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ozuben\u00e1 kola a vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n<h2>Lit\u00ed do vytaviteln\u00fdch model\u016f a lit\u00ed metodou ztracen\u00e9 p\u011bny<\/h2>\n<p>Ob\u011b metody \u2013 lit\u00ed do vytaviteln\u00fdch model\u016f i lit\u00ed metodou ztracen\u00e9 p\u011bny \u2013 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed formy modely, av\u0161ak li\u0161\u00ed se pou\u017eit\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly a postupem. Ka\u017ed\u00fd proces je vhodn\u00fd pro v\u00fdrobu d\u00edl\u016f se specifick\u00fdmi tvary, rozm\u011bry \u010di detaily.<\/p>\n<h3>Lit\u00ed do vytaviteln\u00fdch model\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i lit\u00ed do vytaviteln\u00fdch model\u016f se k v\u00fdrob\u011b formy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 model z vosku nebo plastu. Model se nejprve pot\u00e1hne speci\u00e1ln\u00ed keramickou suspenz\u00ed a pot\u00e9 zasype jemn\u00fdm p\u00edskem. Jakmile keramick\u00e1 sko\u0159epina ztvrdne, vosk se vytav\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikne dutina.<\/p>\n<p>Do t\u00e9to dutiny se nalije roztaven\u00fd kov, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikne v\u00fdsledn\u00fd d\u00edl. Tato metoda umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobu slo\u017eit\u00fdch tvar\u016f s hladk\u00fdmi povrchy a dodr\u017een\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch toleranc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hlavn\u00ed oblasti pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mal\u00e9 nebo detailn\u00ed kovov\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/li>\n<li>Vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti<\/li>\n<li>\u0160perky, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a d\u00edly pro leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vhodn\u00e9 pro jemn\u00e9 detaily<\/li>\n<li>Lze pou\u017e\u00edt pro mnoho druh\u016f kov\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce krok\u016f a \u010dasu ne\u017e jin\u00e9 metody<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1kladn\u00e9 u velk\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u011bnov\u00fdch model\u016f (Lost-Foam Casting)<\/h3>\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u011bnov\u00fdch model\u016f je podobn\u00e9, av\u0161ak m\u00edsto vosku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 model z polystyrenov\u00e9 p\u011bny. P\u011bnov\u00fd model se um\u00edst\u00ed do boxu napln\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u00edskem. P\u0159i nalit\u00ed roztaven\u00e9ho kovu se p\u011bna vypa\u0159\u00ed a kov vypln\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fd prostor, kter\u00fd po n\u00ed z\u016fstal.<\/p>\n<p>Umo\u017e\u0148uje snadno vytv\u00e1\u0159et tvary, kter\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vyrobit jin\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed. Metoda odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u011bnov\u00fdch model\u016f (tzv. lost-foam casting) se skv\u011ble hod\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 nebo slo\u017eit\u00e9 d\u00edly, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat j\u00e1dra.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vlastnost<\/th>\n<th>P\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed (do vytaviteln\u00fdch model\u016f)<\/th>\n<th>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u011bnov\u00fdch model\u016f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Model<\/td>\n<td>Vosk \/ plast<\/td>\n<td>P\u011bna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Odstran\u011bn\u00ed modelu<\/td>\n<td>Vytaven\u00edm<\/td>\n<td>Odpa\u0159en\u00edm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Vznik\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b d\u011blic\u00edch rovin (\u0161v\u016f), tak\u017ee \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hotov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f zabere m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu. Tento proces je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b prototyp\u016f nebo unik\u00e1tn\u00edch kus\u016f bez nutnosti po\u0159izovat drah\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje \u010di formy.<\/p>\n<h2>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed a modern\u00ed techniky odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 metody odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed postupy k v\u00fdrob\u011b pevn\u00fdch, p\u0159esn\u00fdch nebo jedine\u010dn\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. Tyto procesy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bt nap\u0159\u00edklad potrub\u00ed, ozuben\u00e1 kola \u010di dlouh\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 ty\u010de.<\/p>\n<h3>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed odst\u0159ediv\u00fdm lit\u00edm<\/h3>\n<p>Odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 lit\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b dut\u00fdch kruhov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, jako jsou trubky a krou\u017eky. P\u0159i tomto procesu se tekut\u00fd kov nal\u00e9v\u00e1 do rotuj\u00edc\u00ed formy. Rotace tla\u010d\u00ed kov sm\u011brem ven ke st\u011bn\u00e1m formy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se odstra\u0148uj\u00ed vzduchov\u00e9 bubliny a ne\u010distoty.<\/p>\n<p>Tato metoda zaji\u0161\u0165uje vznik hutn\u00fdch, pevn\u00fdch a stejnorod\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f bez \u0161v\u016f. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed povrch b\u00fdv\u00e1 hlad\u0161\u00ed, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 ne\u010distoty se p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed do st\u0159edu, odkud je lze odstranit. Metoda je vhodn\u00e1 pro kovy, jako je \u017eelezo a ocel, ale i pro bronz a hlin\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Typick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Pouzdra<\/li>\n<li>Setrva\u010dn\u00edky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00edky spolehliv\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm se odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 lit\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b d\u00edl\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat vysok\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed nebo tlaku.<\/p>\n<h3>Lit\u00ed do sko\u0159epinov\u00fdch forem<\/h3>\n<p>Lit\u00ed do sko\u0159epinov\u00fdch forem je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se jako forma pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 sko\u0159epina ze sm\u011bsi p\u00edsku a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed prysky\u0159ice. Postup za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm kovov\u00e9ho modelu a jeho pokryt\u00edm sm\u011bs\u00ed p\u00edsku a prysky\u0159ice. P\u016fsoben\u00edm tepla sko\u0159epina vytvrdne a vytvo\u0159\u00ed pevnou, tenkou vrstvu formy.<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile sko\u0159epina vychladne, sejme se z modelu a spoj\u00ed s druhou polovinou sko\u0159epiny. Pot\u00e9 se do n\u00ed nalije roztaven\u00fd kov, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikne v\u00fdsledn\u00fd d\u00edl. Tato metoda zaji\u0161\u0165uje hladk\u00fd povrch a ostr\u00e9 hrany, co\u017e je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu detailn\u00edch nebo slo\u017eit\u00fdch tvar\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti lit\u00ed do sko\u0159epinov\u00fdch forem:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kvalitn\u00ed povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost a opakovatelnost<\/li>\n<li>Vhodn\u00e9 pro mal\u00e9 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky pat\u0159\u00ed t\u011blesa ventil\u016f, sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b p\u0159evodovek a hlavy v\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed lit\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed lit\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b dlouh\u00fdch profil\u016f, jako jsou ty\u010de, pruty a plechy. P\u0159i tomto procesu se roztaven\u00fd kov nal\u00e9v\u00e1 do formy, kter\u00e1 je na obou konc\u00edch otev\u0159en\u00e1. Jak kov chladne, pomalu se z formy vysouv\u00e1 jako souvisl\u00fd kus.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je mo\u017enost v\u00fdroby produkt\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00e9koli d\u00e9lky s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm odpadem. Tento proces je vysoce automatizovan\u00fd, a proto se \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve velk\u00fdch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Dob\u0159e funguje u kov\u016f, jako je ocel, m\u011b\u010f a hlin\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody plynul\u00e9ho odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>St\u00e1l\u00e1 kvalita<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 efektivita<\/li>\n<li>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S touto metodou se \u010dasto setk\u00e1te p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b kolejnic, nosn\u00edk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch kovov\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pevn\u00e9 a m\u00edt jednotn\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<h2>Procesy tlakov\u00e9ho lit\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159i tlakov\u00e9m lit\u00ed se roztaven\u00fd kov vtla\u010duje vysok\u00fdm tlakem do ocelov\u00fdch forem (tzv. kokil). Jde o rychl\u00fd a p\u0159esn\u00fd proces, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je obl\u00edben\u00fd p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b kovov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f s hladk\u00fdm povrchem a p\u0159esn\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed typy: lit\u00ed v hork\u00e9 komo\u0159e a lit\u00ed ve studen\u00e9 komo\u0159e. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 metoda je vhodn\u00e1 pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 kovy a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n<h3>Tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed v hork\u00e9 komo\u0159e<\/h3>\n<p>Tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed s horkou komorou je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro kovy s n\u00edzkou teplotou t\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je zinek, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk a n\u011bkter\u00e9 slitiny olova. P\u0159i tomto procesu je vst\u0159ikovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m neust\u00e1le v kontaktu s roztaven\u00fdm kovem. Kov proud\u00ed do formy p\u0159\u00edmo z komory stroje.<\/p>\n<p>Tato metoda je rychl\u00e1 a vyzna\u010duje se kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi cykly, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vyrobit velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f za krat\u0161\u00ed dobu. Automatick\u00fd provoz rovn\u011b\u017e sni\u017euje n\u00e1roky na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu. Tuto metodu v\u0161ak nelze pou\u017e\u00edt pro hlin\u00edk ani kovy s vysokou teplotou t\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee by mohly stroj po\u0161kodit.<\/p>\n<p>Tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed s horkou komorou se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b mal\u00fdch a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. \u010casto se s n\u00edm setk\u00e1v\u00e1me u automobilov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek, d\u00edl\u016f hra\u010dek a kovov\u00e9ho kov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento proces zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159esn\u00e9 tvary a hladk\u00e9 povrchy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vy\u017eaduje jen minim\u00e1ln\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e9 opracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Hlavn\u00ed omezen\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 rychlost v\u00fdroby<\/td>\n<td>Nevhodn\u00e9 pro hlin\u00edk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost<\/td>\n<td>Omezeno na kovy s n\u00edzkou teplotou t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed v komo\u0159e se studen\u00fdm vst\u0159ikovac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem<\/h3>\n<p>Tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed se studenou komorou se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro kovy s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotou t\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je hlin\u00edk, m\u011b\u010f a mosaz. Kov se zde tav\u00ed v samostatn\u00e9 peci a pot\u00e9 se nal\u00e9v\u00e1 do vst\u0159ikovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Do formy je n\u00e1sledn\u011b vtla\u010dov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed p\u00edstu.<\/p>\n<p>Tato metoda pom\u00e1h\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit sou\u010d\u00e1sti stroje p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm teplem, co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s kovy o vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b t\u00e1n\u00ed. Cykly v\u00fdroby jsou v\u0161ak o n\u011bco del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u metody s horkou komorou.<\/p>\n<p>Tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed se studenou komorou je vhodnou volbou pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010di t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed d\u00edly, jako jsou bloky motor\u016f nebo sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b. Proces umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobu pevn\u00fdch a detailn\u011b propracovan\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, av\u0161ak pohybliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vystaven\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed roztaven\u00e9ho kovu mohou vy\u017eadovat \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159ehled proces\u016f tlakov\u00e9ho lit\u00ed Co je to odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed? Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se tekut\u00fd materi\u00e1l \u2013 obvykle kov \u2013 nal\u00e9v\u00e1 do formy, je\u017e m\u00e1 tvar po\u017eadovan\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti. Materi\u00e1l n\u00e1sledn\u011b chladne, tuhne a p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 tvar formy. Existuje mnoho druh\u016f odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku, tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed \u010di p\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed (metoda vytaviteln\u00e9ho modelu). Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"Typy proces\u016f odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed: Stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch metod","_seopress_titles_desc":"Seznamte se s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy proces\u016f odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b tlakov\u00e9ho lit\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch metod odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f. Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o jednotliv\u00fdch zp\u016fsobech odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dnes!","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23503"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26156,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23503\/revisions\/26156"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}