{"id":23496,"date":"2025-03-23T13:46:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T05:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/?p=23496"},"modified":"2026-10-09T02:21:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T18:21:42","slug":"investment-casting-vs-die-casting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moldiecasting.com\/cs\/blog\/investment-casting-vs-die-casting\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed vs. tlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed: kter\u00e1 metoda je pro v\u00e1\u0161 projekt vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 poznatky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body<\/strong><\/th>\nP\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed<\/strong><\/th>\nTlakov\u00e9 lit\u00ed<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Proces<\/strong><\/td>\nPou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 voskov\u00fd model pokryt\u00fd keramikou; vosk se roztav\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed dutinu formy.<\/td>\nRoztaven\u00fd kov se pod vysok\u00fdm tlakem vst\u0159ikuje do opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 ocelov\u00e9 formy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Materi\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/td>\nKovy s vysok\u00fdm bodem t\u00e1n\u00ed (ocel, nerezov\u00e1 ocel, titan, superslitiny).<\/td>\nNe\u017eelezn\u00e9 kovy (hlin\u00edk, zinek, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, m\u011b\u010f).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tolerance<\/strong><\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed (\u00b10,5 mm a\u017e \u00b10,1 mm).<\/td>\n\u00dazk\u00e9 (\u00b10,05 mm a\u017e \u00b10,2 mm).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Povrch<\/strong><\/td>\nDobr\u00fd (Ra 1,6\u20136,3 \u03bcm); m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat dokon\u010dovac\u00ed \u00fapravu.<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed (Ra 0,8\u20133,2 \u03bcm); minim\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1klady<\/strong><\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena za kus p\u0159i mal\u00fdch s\u00e9ri\u00edch; ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na n\u00e1stroje.<\/td>\nVysok\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na formu; ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cena za kus p\u0159i velk\u00fdch objemech.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Objem v\u00fdroby<\/strong><\/td>\nIde\u00e1ln\u00ed pro mal\u00e9 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/strong> objemy (prototypy, zak\u00e1zkov\u00e9 d\u00edly).<\/td>\nNejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro velkos\u00e9riovou<\/strong> hromadnou v\u00fdrobu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Slo\u017eitost d\u00edlu<\/strong><\/td>\nVelmi slo\u017eit\u00e1 geometrie, jemn\u00e9 detaily a vnit\u0159n\u00ed prvky.<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed slo\u017eitost; mo\u017en\u00e9 jsou tenk\u00e9 st\u011bny a jemn\u00e9 detaily.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\nLetectv\u00ed, \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed, zdravotnick\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty, um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/td>\nAutomobilov\u00e9 d\u00edly, spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektronika, spot\u0159ebi\u010de, kov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Co je p\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed<\/h2>\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed je metoda tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kov\u016f, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyr\u00e1b\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 d\u00edly s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm povrchem a rozm\u011brovou p\u0159esnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed m\u00e1 historii dlouhou tis\u00edce let. Starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Egypt\u011b a Mexiku pou\u017e\u00edvaly ran\u00e9 podoby t\u00e9to techniky k v\u00fdrob\u011b propracovan\u00fdch bronzov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a \u0161perk\u016f ji\u017e kolem roku 4500 p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n

Proces se ozna\u010duje tak\u00e9 jako \u201elit\u00ed na ztracen\u00fd vosk\u201c, proto\u017ee voskov\u00e9 modely se p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b roztav\u00ed a odstran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce za\u010dali zuba\u0159i tuto metodu pou\u017e\u00edvat k v\u00fdrob\u011b korunek a v\u00fdpln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed vyvolala druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka vysokou popt\u00e1vku po p\u0159esn\u00fdch d\u00edlech a p\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

Dnes po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed a automatizovan\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tento proces v\u00fdrazn\u011b zdokonalily. Modern\u00edm p\u0159esn\u00fdm lit\u00edm lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt d\u00edly s tolerancemi a\u017e \u00b10,5 mm.<\/p>\n

Proces a techniky<\/h3>\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 lit\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00fdrobou voskov\u00e9ho modelu, kter\u00fd p\u0159esn\u011b kop\u00edruje po\u017eadovan\u00fd d\u00edl.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 se model p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k \u201estromku\u201c s dal\u0161\u00edmi voskov\u00fdmi modely. Tato sestava se opakovan\u011b nam\u00e1\u010d\u00ed do keramick\u00e9 suspenze a posyp\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161tukov\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 sko\u0159epina.<\/p>\n

(\u201eStromek\u201c je rozv\u011btven\u00e1 konstrukce, kter\u00e1 b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby formy dr\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkolik voskov\u00fdch model\u016f pohromad\u011b.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Po vytvrzen\u00ed se sko\u0159epina vlo\u017e\u00ed do pece dnem vzh\u016fru. Vosk se roztav\u00ed a vyte\u010de (odtud n\u00e1zev \u201eztracen\u00fd vosk\u201c), tak\u017ee z\u016fstane dut\u00e1 keramick\u00e1 forma.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed nalit\u00edm roztaven\u00e9ho kovu se forma p\u0159edeh\u0159eje na vysokou teplotu. Po vychladnut\u00ed se keramick\u00e1 sko\u0159epina rozbije a odhal\u00ed odlitky. Nakonec se d\u00edly odd\u011bl\u00ed od stromku a dokon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i p\u0159esn\u00e9m lit\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159i p\u0159esn\u00e9m lit\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edvat \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu kov\u016f a slitin. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u017delezn\u00e9 slitiny:<\/strong><\/p>\n